A Complete Guide to Transport Layer Security (TLS) 

With cyberattacks rising by 30% in the second quarter of 2024 alone, even the best security efforts from the global cybersecurity community can’t keep threats at bay. To earn and maintain your customers’ trust, safeguarding your website and their data with an SSL certificate is essential. 

While Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates have been the standard for encrypting data and securing online communications, the advancement of cyber threats requires even more robust protection measures. This is where Transport Layer Security (TLS) comes in. 

TLS is the newer, stronger successor of SSL, designed to provide even tighter security and better performance in modern cyber challenges. 

In this guide, we’ll explore TLS and how it secures your business when implemented in your website. We will also uncover its key benefits and differences from SSL and explain how you can get started.   

Note: While SSL is no longer the standard protocol, the phrase “SSL certificate” is still commonly used to describe TLS certificates. For this article, we’re referring to the specific SSL protocol. 

What is TLS?  

Transport layer security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that allows secure data transfer over the internet, providing data security. It evolved from a secure sockets layer (SSL), addressing its vulnerabilities with modern encryption techniques and authentication methods.  

The TLS encrypts the information exchanged between users and web browsers, creating a TLS connection that masks the sensitive data being transferred and ensures a secure session. It helps retain confidential, tamper-proof, and secure data from online snatchers. 

The transport layer security uses digital certificates to verify the server’s authenticity, which builds trust with users by affirming that the site they are checking is secure. 

Major web browsers and applications now enforce TLS as the standard in shielding online transactions (such as payment transactions), login credentials, and other sensitive data exchanges. It has been supported and maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), ever since it was first introduced in 1999. The latest version, TLS 1.3 was finalized in 2018.  

TLS vs SSL: What are the key differences?  

The secure sockets layer (SSL) was once the standard for online security, the widely deployed security protocol. However, it has been deprecated due to its vulnerabilities. TLS was introduced as a more secure protocol due to its higher-standard encryption, security performance, and backward compatibility for systems transitioning from SSL.  

But what exactly are their differences? Here are the key differences between TLS and SSL:  

Security enhancements  

SSL is vulnerable to several serious cyberattacks, such as POODLE (Padding Oracle), BEAST (Browser Exploit Against SSL/TLS), and other vulnerabilities compromising encrypted data.   

The SSL version relied on older encryption algorithms, which were no longer enough to protect data integrity from sophisticated attacks. 

TLS protocol, on the other hand, has more robust encryption protocols than SSL. Its improvements involved key exchange, message authentication, and advanced encryption algorithms, which means it has higher data integrity and security from cyber tampering and browser exploits.  

Take this as an example: TLS supports the Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) through compatible cipher suites to make distinct encryption keys for each session. But how does forward secrecy work?  

Try to picture this: a new key was made each time you unlock the front door of your house, with a changing lock to match it. Upon unlocking the front door, you enter your house with the heavy bags you carry, drop your key into a mailbox, and continue with other tasks. You might think you’re compromising your house’s security, but you’re not. It’s because the next time you lock your front door to go out again, a newly generated key appears in your purse, and the lock on your front door changes again to match it. You’re not afraid someone might steal the old key because it was only good for the last time you entered your house.  

This method makes it impossible for attackers to decrypt the data even if they have the session keys. The SSL version doesn’t have this capability, and relying on less secure methods can make your website vulnerable over time.  

Performance improvements  

The TLS protocol has faster processing than SSL because it updates the way encryption algorithms, cipher suites (collections of encryption algorithms), and the change cipher spec protocol operate. SSL utilized older, more resource-intensive ciphers, resulting in slower data exchange and increased latency.  

In comparison, TLS supports modern ciphers such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to optimize the “handshake” process (rounds of communication between server and client). The TLS handshake occurs when a user navigates through a website over HTTPS, and the browser begins to verify the website’s original server. Additionally, the digital certificate’s authentication process determines the number of handshakes done.   

For some, upgrading to TLS version 1.3 can reduce the TLS handshake since it combines the initial and cryptographic parameter negotiation in one course. This improvement accelerates the connection process, translating to faster page load times and a smoother user experience.  

Compatibility with modern systems  

TLS protocol was created to support modern web browsers and mobile devices more effectively than SSL. A TLS-secured website is crucial for compatibility because web traffic has shifted to mobile devices, and modern browsers are more security-conscious.  

The earlier versions of SSL protocols are generally no longer supported by current browsers, while websites that still use SSL may display warning signs to users before proceeding to the page. 

TLS, on the other hand, works smoothly with updated devices and browsers, ensuring users can access sites without security warnings or performance issues.   

Backward compatibility  

Systems that previously utilized SSL can switch to TLS without requiring significant changes since TLS retains some backward compatibility with SSL. Because of this, companies can easily transition from SSL to TLS gradually rather than requiring a total system redesign.  

Businesses may increase customer trust, improve website performance, and reduce the chance of security warnings or data breaches by switching from SSL to TLS, ensuring their sites satisfy the highest security standards.  

Why businesses should use TLS  

Businesses must switch from SSL to TLS to foster a secure and trustworthy online presence. Here are some of the key benefits of TLS:   

Boost customer confidence  

Users immediately know your website is secure when they see a padlock icon or HTTPS in their web browser’s address bar. Users are more likely to trust and interact with secure websites; thus, this visual proof is essential.  

The padlock icon lets users know that the website employs TLS to encrypt communications, giving them peace of mind that their contact or credit card information is secure. This assurance can make the difference between a consumer finishing a purchase and leaving the website in a world where privacy worries are at an all-time high.  

SEO advantage  

Major search engines favor safe websites, especially Google. Websites that use TLS to secure their content may see a minor ranking increase after Google declared in 2014 that HTTPS would be used as a ranking factor. With most search engines urging webmasters to migrate to HTTPS, this emphasis on security has only grown over time.  

TLS-secured websites are also more likely to be included in highlighted snippets, boosting click-through rates and exposure on search results pages. This SEO advantage can be extremely important for companies looking to raise their search engine rankings, exposure, and general online presence.  

Furthermore, modern web browsers may block access to unsafe websites or issue alerts. By avoiding these possible obstacles, a TLS-protected website gives users a seamless and uninterrupted surfing experience.  

Protection against data breaches  

TLS encryption encrypts private information, payment information, and login passwords while they are being transmitted. This implies that without the decryption keys, data would remain unreadable even if malevolent parties intercepted it.  

The TLS connection is essential to preserving user privacy and shielding companies from the negative consequences of cyberattacks, including monetary loss, harm to one’s reputation, and legal repercussions. It does this by lowering the chance of data breaches and stopping man-in-the-middle (MITM) assaults.  

TLS implementation is crucial for websites that handle sensitive data, such as financial information or medical records. In addition to guarding against unwanted access, it shows a dedication to data security, which can increase customer satisfaction and trust.  

Compliance with security standards  

Using TLS is necessary for several businesses to comply with regulatory requirements. For instance, websites handling credit card information must use TLS or a comparable safe encryption protocol to comply with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCD-DSS) and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations in the US.  

If TLS is not implemented, these rules may not be followed, resulting in penalties, legal repercussions, and a decline in the company’s reputation. Adopting TLS is essential to staying in compliance with changing data protection regulations across the globe for sectors including finance, healthcare, and eCommerce.  

How TLS protocol works: key processes  

TLS operates through a series of steps that secure the connection between the client and the web server. Here’s how it works:   

TLS handshake protocol  

The process begins with a TLS handshake. TLS handshakes is a process where a browser authenticates a server’s TLS certificates. During the process, the client and the server authenticate each other, agree on encryption keys using ephemeral algorithms like Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH), and establish a secured connection.    

TLS record protocol  

After the handshake, the TLS record protocol manages the actual transfer of data between the user and the web server. It masks the data, providing confidentiality and integrity by encrypting it and creating secure channels. The TLS record protocol ensures that the information remains encrypted and unaltered during the transfer, securing tamper-resistant communication. 

Practical applications of TLS in modern web security  

The TLS offers fundamental security in several domains where privacy and trust are crucial, going beyond just protecting data. Here’s a closer look at the most recent real-world TLS uses, demonstrating its adaptability and significance across platforms and sectors.  

eCommerce security  

• Why it’s needed. Sensitive consumer data, including credit card numbers, addresses, and contact information, is frequently involved in online retail transactions. Without TLS, attackers may intercept this data and use it to commit financial fraud and identity theft. TLS encryption must be prioritized on eCommerce websites to protect consumer information during transactions and guarantee trust with each purchase.  

• How TLS helps. The eCommerce server and the customer’s browser may connect securely, thanks to TLS. The client and server decide on a session key to encrypt the transaction data during the TLS handshake. In this manner, without the session key, the data would be illegible even if it were intercepted by a hacker.  

• Impact on business. eCommerce companies can safeguard their clients, prevent harm to their reputations, and prevent possible financial losses by implementing TLS. The padlock image or HTTPS marker reassures users that their data is secure and increases customer confidence.   

Securing API connections  

• Why it’s needed. Modern online services rely heavily on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), facilitating data interchange and app communication. Large data transfers, including sensitive data like payment information or user passwords, are frequently handled using APIs. These connections run the danger of being intercepted and misused if they are not properly secured.  

• How TLS helps. For API communications to be secure, TLS encryption is necessary. Developers may ensure that data is encrypted, authenticated, and secure from interception by utilizing TLS. By confirming the identities of the client and server, TLS certificates lower the possibility of MITM attacks, in which a third party might intercept and alter data.  

• Impact on business. TLS aids in preserving the integrity and security of data transferred between apps for firms that mostly depend on APIs, including financial institutions, SaaS providers, and eCommerce platforms. Using TLS to secure APIs increases user trust by bolstering the dependability and legitimacy of these services.  

Platform-specific implementation  

• Why it’s needed. Businesses must ensure that TLS is correctly deployed on all platforms as they grow their online presence. Platforms with integrated tools or integrations that make TLS setup easier include WordPress, Shopify, and cloud-hosted apps. These integrations could, however, leave websites vulnerable if they are not set up properly.  

• How TLS helps. With capabilities allowing automated certificate renewal or one-click HTTPS activation, several contemporary systems provide simple ways to set up TLS. Because of its adaptability, companies can deploy TLS on the platforms of their choice without requiring highly skilled technical expertise. For instance, cloud providers like AWS and Azure provide managed TLS certificate solutions that simplify deployment, while WordPress provides plugins that simplify TLS implementation.  

• Impact on business. Businesses can provide a consistent, safe environment for users regardless of how they interact with the site by implementing TLS on all platforms. Additionally, it helps companies adhere to best practices for various digital assets, which increases client trust and improves SEO rankings. Ensuring TLS compatibility on every platform is essential for companies that use various channels to maintain security and compliance across the board.  

Step-by-step: How to secure a TLS certificate  

Implementing TLS requires a valid TLS certificate, which can be obtained from a Certificate Authority. Here’s a guide on how you may secure one:  

1. Choose a reputable Certificate authority. Select a trusted provider or ask assistance from your domain host to issue your TLS certificate.   

2. Verify your domain. The CA will require verifying your domain ownership before issuing the certificate.    

3. Install the certificate. Follow the steps from your hosting providers or website platform to install the TLS certificate.  

4. Test your connection. Once you have installed TLS, verify if the setup works by testing a secure connection (look for HTTPS and the padlock icon).   

Acquiring and installing a TLS certificate is a quick and straightforward process and instantly provides security benefits that protect your website and its users.    

Implementing TLS: How your website benefits from TLS  

Now that we understand how TLS works implementing it on our website offers several benefits:   

• Enhanced security. TLS protocol provides robust encryption and data integrity which helps prevent data breaches and cyberattacks.   

• Increased user trust. With a secure connection, users will be more confident in connecting to your website, which will help reduce bounce rates and improve customer loyalty.  

• SEO and performance boosts. Search engines favor secure sites. With the efficiency of TLS protocols, you are assured that your web pages are fast and responsive.  

• Compliance. TLS compliance is essential for many businesses, and it can shield your company from data security-related legal problems.  

These advantages combine to make TLS a crucial part of any website trying to stay ahead of the competition while maintaining performance and security.  

Elevate your online security  

With the increase of cyberattacks in the online community, TLS protocol has become a necessity to protect your website and customer’s sensitive information from being stolen. Upgrading from SSL certificates to TLS offers users a safer, faster, and more secure experience.  

Explore Domain.com’s security solutions today and easily install certificates to keep your website protected and optimized to meet modern security standards.